Innovative Deviance: A Theoretical Framework Emerging at the Intersection of Copyright Law and Technological Change

This paper explores the relationship between emerging technology-enabled behaviors and established copyright law in the United States. Challenges implicated by recent technological developments have given rise to a consensus among policy-makers, scholars, public interest advocates, and various other stakeholders that copyright reforms are needed. Debates over what shape the potential reforms ought to take have been strident, unrelenting, and seemingly paralyzing to the cause. Meanwhile, courts have continued to adjudicate cases testing the balance between existing copyright doctrines and new methods of creating, managing, and sharing protected works. The paper describes a recent exemplar involving mass digitization, Authors Guild v. HathiTrust, and critically reflects upon the courts’ fair use analyses before articulating an emerging theoretical framework for understanding and explaining the intersection of copyright law and technological change based on the sociological concept of innovative deviance

Values, Ethics and Participatory Policymaking in Online Communities

Drawing upon principles and lessons of technology law and policy, value-centered design, anticipatory design ethics, and information policy literatures this research seeks to contribute to understandings of the ways in which platform design, practice, and policymaking intersect on the social media site Reddit. This research explores how Reddit’s users, moderators, and administrators surface values (like free speech, privacy, dignity, and autonomy), hint at ethical principles (what content, speech, behavior ought to be restricted and under what conditions), through a continuous process of (re)negotiating expectations and norms around values, ethics, and power on the site. Central to this research are questions such as: Who or what influences and/or determines social practice on Reddit? Who participates in decision-making and using what processes and mechanisms? Where do controversies arise and how are they resolved? Generating findings from a particular controversy surrounding the subreddit /r/jailbait, the author illustrates the complexities inherent in these questions and suggests that a participatory policymaking approach might contribute to future research and practice in this area

The Dark History of HathiTrust

Abstract This research explores the ways values, power, and politics shape and are shaped by digital infrastructure development through an in-depth study of HathiTrust’s “dark history,” the period of years leading up to its public launch. This research identifies and traces the emerging and iterative ways that values were surfaced and negotiated, decision making approaches were strategically modified, and relationships were strengthened, reconfigured, and sometimes abandoning through the process of generating a viable, robust and sustainable collaborative digital infrastructure. Through this history, we gain deeper understandings and appreciations of the various and sometimes surprising ways that values, power, and politics are implicated in digital infrastructure development. Shedding light on this history enables us to better contextualize and understand the affordances, limitations, and challenges of the HathiTrust we know today, better envision its range of possible futures, and develop richer appreciations for digital infrastructure development more broadly

Understanding Organizational Responses to Innovative Deviance: A Case Study of HathiTrust.

This thesis traces the emergence and evolution of HathiTrust as way of generating deeper insights into the processes of sociotechnical transformation. HathiTrust emerged from the groundbreaking and legally contentious Google mass digitization project as an organization operated by the University of Michigan. It grew into a partnership with over 100 research institutions that support a shared digital repository, oversee a digital library comprised of over thirteen million volumes, and run a research center for non-consumptive computational research. This dissertation combines traditional legal research and analysis with social scientific approaches. Primary data for this case study were generated from in-depth interviews and review of relevant documents such as contracts, judicial opinions, press releases, and organizational reports. It develops an analytic framework blending the sociological concept of innovative deviance with organizational sensemaking theories and copyright doctrine. It describes and explains how and why organizations make sense of and make decisions with respect to risk and opportunity under conditions of uncertainty, ambiguity, and disequilibrium. This explains how slow-moving institutions such as laws and academic research libraries change and adapt in accordance with changes in technology and social practices. It describes the dynamic, non-linear, and mutually constitutive relationships among technology, social practice, and law that shaped and were shaped by HathiTrust. In so doing, it offers insights into the processes of sociotechnical transformation.PhDInformationUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/133351/1/acentiva_1.pd

“Popcorn Tastes Good”: Participatory Policymaking and Reddit’s “AMAgeddon”

In human-computer interaction research and practice, policy concerns can sometimes fall to the margins, orbiting at the periphery of the traditionally core interests of design and practice. This perspective ignores the important ways that policy is bound up with the technical and behavioral elements of the HCI universe. Policy concerns are triggered as a matter of course in social computing, CSCW, systems engineering, UX, and related contexts because technological design, social practice and policy are dynamically entangled and mutually constitutive. Through this research, we demonstrate the value of a stronger emphasis on policy in HCI by exploring a recent controversy on Reddit: “AMAgeddon.” Applying Hirschman’s exit, voice and loyalty framework, we argue that the sustainability of online communities like Reddit will require successful navigation of the complex and often murky intersections among technical design and human interaction through a distributed participatory policymaking process that promotes user loyalty

A Collaborative Approach to Improving Information Ethics Education

Information professionals manage, organize, preserve, create, design, implement, and control the information systems, services, goods, and devices that are both ubiquitous in and essential to our daily existence. But where there is great power, there is also great responsibility. Recent events suggest that information professionals may benefit from enhanced education and training to prepare them to respond to the ethical challenges they will encounter in their work in socially responsible ways. Improving information ethics education is one step toward beginning to build a strong foundation in this space moving forward. Participants in this workshop will explore and identify key principles, tensions, and themes in the emerging field of information ethics and collaborate on the creation of an open model course syllabus.ye

A Collaborative Approach to Improving Information Ethics Education

Abstract Information professionals manage, organize, preserve, create, design, implement, and control the information systems, services, goods, and devices that are both ubiquitous in and essential to our daily existence. But where there is great power, there is also great responsibility. Recent events suggest that information professionals may benefit from enhanced education and training to prepare them to respond to the ethical challenges they will encounter in their work in socially responsible ways. Improving information ethics education is one step toward beginning to build a strong foundation in this space moving forward. Participants in this workshop will explore and identify key principles, tensions, and themes in the emerging field of information ethics and collaborate on the creation of an open model course syllabus

Crowdsourcing Law and Policy: A Design-Thinking Approach to Crowd-Civic Systems

Crowdsourcing technologies, strategies and methods offer new opportunities for bridging existing gaps among law, policymaking, and the lived experience of citizens. In recent years, a number of initiatives across the world have applied crowdsourcing to contexts including constitutional reform, drafting federal bills, and generating local policies. However, crowd-civic systems also come with challenges and risks such as socio-technical barriers, marginalization of specific groups, silencing of interests, etc. Using a designthinking approach, this workshop will address both opportunities and challenges of crowd-civic systems to develop best practices for increasing public engagement with law and policy. The workshop organizers will suggest an initial framework explicitly intended to be criticized by participants and reconfigured through a series of iterative cooperative small-group activities focusing on “diagnosing” the failures of past crowd-civic system efforts and the successes of online action around social issues. While the ultimate objective of the workshop is to develop a best practices guide, we see iterations on the guide as a mechanism for fostering community and collaboration among policymakers, technologists, and researchers around crowd-civic systems for law and policy

Open access advocacy through gamification: A case study of the “Open Robarts” alternate reality game

Open access has garnered widespread support in many academic research contexts but policy implementation continues to face challenges. This research explores the potential for open access advocacy through gamification. This work discusses a novel Alternate Reality Game launched by the University of Toronto Libraries in promotion of institutional policies and Global Open Access Week and found that gamification was a successful advocacy approach to the extent that it influenced awareness and stimulated discourse around open access, fostered wider and more diverse participation and collaboration, and raised awareness of structural and infrastructural mechanisms impacting open access

Tarinoita yhteistyöstä ja oivalluksista - Laurean Tieto- ja julkaisupalvelut verkostoissa

Monialainen ja moniammatillinen yhteistyö on vakiintunut Laurea-ammattikorkeakoulun tieto- ja julkaisupalveluiden toimintatavaksi. Julkaisussa pohditaan yhteistyötä teorian tasolla ja kuvataan käytännön toteutustapoja. Yhteistyökumppaneita on sekä oman organisaation sisällä että sen ulkopuolella. Artikkeleiden aiheina ovat tietoyhteisöt, tiedonhankinnan ohjaus, hanketyöskentely, turvallisuusyhteistyö, alumnitoiminta, saavutettavuuden edistäminen ja avoin julkaiseminen. Multi-professional networking is an established way of working at Laurea UAS Library and Publication Services. This publication shares examples about collaboration with partners both inside and outside own organization. Collaboration is carried out in information literacy guidance; project work; enhancing safety and security, alumni relations, accessibility; open access. Also knowledge-intensive development communities are discussed